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Transito Rápido de Autobús en China

Mayo 2018
Como dice el reciente libro blanco sobre el transporte de China para el decimotercer plan quinquenal (2016-2020), China debe establecer estándares más altos para el desarrollo del transporte a fin de "realizar el sueño chino del gran rejuvenecimiento de la nación china" (Consejo de Estado Oficina de información 2016). En este espíritu, el documento de trabajo compara los sistemas de BRT en China con los estándares internacionales, con el fin de identificar las áreas que necesitan mejoras. El documento evalúa 30 de los 38 indicadores BRT establecidos en el estándar BRT, empleando análisis de varianza (ANOVA) para comparar las diferencias entre los BRT medios chinos e internacionales, en base a 99 puntos de datos, que representan 59 ciudades (18 en China) y 21 países.

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Key Findings

Chinese cities are growing very rapidly, and the number of individual motorized vehicles is rising, with negative impacts on air pollution, congestion, and traffic fatalities. At the same time, demand for transit services is increasing. Chinese leaders have recognized public transportation as a key element for addressing all of these issues and helping the national government achieve its transport and climate change mitigation goals.

To guide planners as they prepare to expand China’s BRT, this working paper benchmarks China’s BRT systems against international standards. It identifies 11 design indicators on which Chinese systems score significantly lower than international counterparts and makes recommendations for improving them:

  • Improve intersections, simplifying movements and providing traffic signal priority when appropriate.

  • Plan multicorridor BRT networks to increase coverage, provide more options for users, and reduce the need for transfers by allowing buses to connect between corridors.

  • Promote multimodal integration (e.g., integration between BRT and biking, which can cover the first and last mile to a BRT corridor).

  • Add express, limited-stop, and local services, which increase average operating speeds and reduce travel times.

  • Create high-quality BRT infrastructure (such as fully dedicated bus lanes) in segments with the highest demand.

  • Provide passing lanes at stations to increase capacity, facilitate express services, and prevent bus bunching at stations.

  • Set stations far enough back from intersections that at least one bus can line up, in order to increase the number of buses stations can serve at once.

  • Balance coverage and speed by spacing stations optimally.

  • Adopt cleaner vehicles, including electric buses, in order to reduce bus emissions.

  • Improve pedestrian access to stations in order to improve safety of passengers and integrate BRT with the surrounding environment.

  • Ensure that all passengers, including passengers with special needs, can access and use stations and vehicles.

Executive Summary

Globally, bus rapid transit (BRT) has proved itself to be a high-capacity public transport mode that can be implemented in short time frames and at relatively low capital cost. Its benefits—reducing greenhouse gas and local air pollutant emissions, improving traffic safety, and reducing passenger travel times—are well documented.

BRT can play an important role in China, contributing to sustainability in the urban transport sector and beyond. Recognizing its importance, China has set a national goal of implementing 5,000 kilometers of BRTs by 2020 (MOT 2013a). As of 2015, China had implemented 2,991 kilometers of BRT, according to the China Academy of Transportation Sciences. To reach its goal, it will therefore need to build more than 2,000 kilometers of BRT corridors in the next three years.

BRT in China is still considered a second-class service option, after urban metros and private vehicles (Deng et al. 2013; Zeng 2013). Changing people’s perception and demonstrating that BRT represents a viable public transport mode will require improving the design and performance of BRT in China so that both meet international standards.

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